Foreign Language Learning And Teaching - 1479 Words

With increased globalization, it has become highly relevant and valuable not only in the education and labor market, but also in modern society to have good command of more than two languages in addition to one’s native language (cf. Gehring, 2010). Consequently, various forms of foreign language learning and teaching have become common worldwide, and language courses are offered in school, university, and in the workforce. In particular, English, French, and Spanish as foreign languages have been dominating in school systems around Europe (cf. Decke-Cornill Kà ¼ster, 2010). The world language and lingua franca English is widely used for international communication; no one can deny its spread and success (cf. Crystal, 2003). The mastery†¦show more content†¦Because of EFL’s popularity and success, more often the well-established concept of bilingual education is offered in order to promote the learners’ receptive and productive skills and communicati ve competences in the English language (cf. Decke-Cornill Kà ¼ster, 2010). Globally, bilingual education has been practiced in various program models for thousands of years (cf. National Association for Bilingual Education, 2016). Bilingual education comprises many frameworks and offers different concepts depending on school form and other conditions. It is an approach that integrates the teaching of contents from the curriculum with the medium of two languages: a native language and a non-native language. However, as a rule, the working language is the non-native language, in other words, bilingual teaching rather means monolingual teaching (cf. Decke-Cornill Kà ¼ster, 2010). Consequently, with its effective method of deepening the language in what concerns the communicative competence, it has been proven to be successful. The goal is, among others, to teach and to learn both content and language, nevertheless, the content is in the center of attention and not the language. Tod ay, numerous schools in Germany have included bilingual programs in their concepts, for example, in Hamburg - one of which is the HLG. At this school, the subjects of history, geography, andShow MoreRelatedTeaching And Learning Foreign Languages Essay2040 Words   |  9 PagesDuring the end of the 19th century, teaching and learning a foreign language was developing rapidly and became one of the most discussed issues in the field of education (Lacorte, 2005). Hence, new studies were needed in order to discover new and effective methodologies for teaching and learning foreign languages in the world language classroom. Thus, many studies have been conducted in this area during the last three decades. As a result, new teaching methods and strategies were developed and researchedRead MoreTeaching And Learning English As A Foreign Language774 Words   |  4 PagesCourse: Advanced Teaching Methodology Name: à ¢n Ä Class: 2016-B Instructor: Æ °Ã† ¡ng, Ph.D. Taking the course of MA on TESOL, whose design is research-oriented, post-graduates are required to accomplish credit subjects including Advanced Teaching Methodology. It is obviously an opportunity for master students not only to review what they have learned but also to have an in-depth insight of issues related to teaching and learning English as a foreign language. Two-third ofRead MoreCulture and Foreign Language: Teaching and Learning Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches to teaching culture within the foreign language teaching practice and different views of the term â€Å"culture† are going to be presented as a mean to explore the close relationship between culture and language and determine what is understood as culture in this study. As it was mentioned above, there are different definitions of culture. These views have relied on the different language acquisition theories and teaching approaches that have emerged in the history of foreign language teachingRead MoreAnalyzing The Classroom And Formative Assessment Of Second / Foreign Language Teaching And Learning Written By Ketabi And Ketabi774 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelop language (Gottlieb, 2006). For example, when using a compare and contrast organizer students learn to use words like similar, likewise, and however (Gottlieb, 2006). From my experience, a student’s writing improves when they use graphic organizers and the words they produce when writing are clearer. Visuals provide English learners with opportunities to access knowledge (Gottlieb, 2006, p. 134). Summary of Key Points In the article Classroom and Formative Assessment in Second/Foreign LanguageRead MoreError Analysis : The Second And Foreign Language Learning1338 Words   |  6 Pagesarea of applied linguistics and of the second and foreign language learning. Applied linguistics, as a field, tries to deal with the problems and issues related to language, as well as to its learning and teaching; it also attempts to give solutions for these problems and issues. Error analysis provides a deep insight for understanding of the process of language learning. Attempts for better understanding the process of language acquisition and learning have been made for a long time (Richards, 1971Read MoreEffective Instruction For English Learners1414 Words   |  6 Pagesfor teaching students English Language. They also review the most successful models for teaching non native speakers. The authors indicate that the most important approach to enhance and improve the outcomes for English learners is to reform the â€Å"entire† school, and use an effective approach such as the approach of Success for All(SFA). SFA approach has been used widely in many schools in the USA. Then, the authors indicate eight elements â€Å"of effective practices for English learners: language andRead MoreEssay on Theoretical and Researched Based Frameworks of Culture1288 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents from different cultural backgrounds by using telle-collaborative learning, it is necessary to address some core constructs about intercultural communication as follows culture, Intercultural communicative competence , community of practices, and tele-collaboration. They are going to be examined through two key sources; theoretical works and research –based works. 2.1. Culture and Foreign Language Teaching and Learning. In this section, different views of the term â€Å"culture† are going toRead MoreIs Computer Assisted Language Learning ( Call ) Will Improve Foreign Language?1622 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch presented in this article seeks to determine if Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) will improve foreign language learning versus an in-class curriculum setting. A numerous amount of current research examines CALL and its impact on non-native English speakers learning English as a foreign language. However, this study will focus on expanding the research further through the examination of three different foreign languages, ranked from easiest to hardest, that will be studied by native EnglishRead MoreThe Best Age For Start Learning Second Language1705 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch is illustrate about the best age to start learning second language(English as an example), without damaging or having any linguistic problems in them both. There will be questionnaire and some intervi ews with Saudi parents that are lived in Canada to study their situation weather they prefer teach their children first or second language in the beginning or learn them both in the same time. We will ask if they have any difficulties in learning languages and study their situation. The purpose of thisRead MoreEnglish Language And Foreign Language Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesAs the title itself suggests, learning and teaching a foreign language means dealing with a language that is non-native and, most probably, doing so in a non-native environment, such as the classroom. Although a foreign language learnt and taught is also oftentimes referred to as a second language, the process of dealing with this language is known as second language acquisition (SLA). Linguistic purists, however, draw a line between second language and foreign language, the first one signaling that

Ethics and Governance in the Criminal Justice System

Question: Discuss about theEthics and Governance in the Criminal Justice System. Answer: Introduction: The actions of the law enforcing authorities are often criticized for maladministration and unethical stands taken by them. This happens to be one of the most favorite subjects of the common people since the easiest thing to do is to find faults with the actions taken by policemen. While the intention of this essay is not to deprive the public of the pleasures of finding faults with an agency who is neither worried nor bothered by what people say in private since whenever some problems surface they first think of calling the police. Police is neither an authority nor an agency but is essentially a concept. This concept is one of very high dependence on them to seek justice against any wrong doings by any one(Banks, 2004). Discussion: Since the police force is an integral part of the society it would be very appropriate to look at the very basic dilemma which faces this esteemed law implementing force. To start with, the ethical dilemma that this force is required to address can be understood by a simple situation which must have come sometime in every bodys life. Suppose that somebodys grandmother is very sick and is on the verge of passing away. The doctor has very clearly said that she has just a few hours to live(Kleinig, 1996). At this point she calls the person and tells him that her last and death wish is that he should wake up early and say his prayers before the lord every morning. Now this person is in a fix. This grandmother was his best friend during his growing up years, she was his shelter from all the hazards of the family whenever he was up to some mischief, she was the one who would sing him lullabies and put him to sleep and in aunt shell this person was very fond of his grandmother. Here is the main question, and that is what does he answer? He knows that he has to work in the factory till late in the evening and rarely will he be at home before mid night. Again the next morning he has to rush to be in time for this duty. He knows that his life style just does not permit to wake up early and say his prayers. If he says no that would be telling the truth but then the old lady who has just a few hours to live would be very badly disappointed. Again if he tells that he certainly would ensure that he does not start the day without saying his prayers then that would be a blatant lie since he knows better than anyone else that he will never be able to keep his promise. Yet the old lady whom he loved so much would be happy. Without wasting time on which should be the right answer for him to give, a quick look at the basic intentions and the interpretations of these two situations will throw some light on the teleological and deontological theory concepts. These two theories are two ways of looking at the above event(Maguire, 2002). While Teleological theory lays emphasis on the consequences the Deontological theory lays stress on the actions. Thus if the person tells his grandmother that it would not be possible for him to say his prayers every morning then deontological views say that he is very correct since he is telling the truth; but then the consequences would be that the dying grandmother will be very sad since her death wish was not granted. Thus by the deontological theory it may be the right thing to do but teleological view would fault him for creating sadness to a very intimate and loving individual at a very critical juncture of her life(Stanford, 2007). Again by the teleological view the answer in affirmative that he would tell his prayers regularly in the morning only to ensure that his grandmother passes away with a very light heart is essentially a white lie. Deontological consideration would emphasize that he tells the truth at least to a dying person who is very close to her. Telling a lie at such a position in life is a grave misconduct which is very wrong(Uow, 2007) The police force however needs to follow the Deontological views since the police cannot have any kind of intimacy with the wrong doer. The above example is only to clarify the difference between the two theories i.e. Teleological and deontological theory and this example is not applicable for the police force of the country. All teleological views are areas which need closer probing to establish the intentions and the consequences of any wrongful action. Police do neither have the authority to judge or decide on the consequences of the actions. They are present that no one breaks any rules(Bagaric Dimopoulos, 2003) Conclusion: If someone rushes past a red signal on the road on the plea that he has to reach the office in time the police is not licensed to take a teleological view and let the culprit go free. The rule is that if there is a red signal all traffic must stop. The reason is that red signals did not get placed on the streets all of a sudden. If the trespasser wanted to reach office in time then he should have started early enough. Breaking rules are not permissible yes if he can convince the judge that he had to reach a place which meant a difference of life and death for someone then perhaps the the judge would consider viewing his lapse with an element of softness. But then it is the job of the judge not the police. Thus police should go by the actions (whether a wrong has been done on not) and not by consequences and intentions. References: Bagaric, M. Dimopoulos, P., 2003. Legal ethics is normal etchis: towards a coherent system of legal ethics. [Online] [Accessed 23 Occtober 2016]. Banks, C., 2004. Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice. Sage. Kleinig, J., 1996. The Ethics of Policing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Maguire, M..M.R.a.R.R., 2002. The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stanford, 2007. Deontological Ethics. [Online] Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/ [Accessed 23 October 2016]. Uow, 2007. Technological theory of ethics. [Online] Available at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001context=accfinwp [Accessed 23 October 2016].

Re Assingment Essays - Abortion In The United States, Abortion

Re Assingment Making the decision to terminate a pregnancy or to bring a fetus to term is by far the most wrenching experience I've ever had. The right to choose is not a luxury; it is a responsibility that demands intense introspection and awareness. S. Boyd It is equally as heinous intentionally to kill a human being in existence at fertilization, as to kill a larger pre-born child. Nellie Gray. There are really two, different, very active abortion questions: to do nothing, have the baby and raise it herself (hopefully with help from others). to do nothing, have the baby and give it up for adoption to have an abortion. If a woman finds herself pregnant, she should discuss her options with her physician or counselor, and should decide to have an abortion, should the state override her decision and prevent her from having an abortion? The first decision is a personal one, between the woman, her physician and/or counselor. The second decision is the answere by the U.S. Supreme Court if she has the right to obtain an abortion. It is in this second area where there is a great deal of political activity, at least in the U.S. In the United States, women choose to end about 25% of their pregnancies through abortion. This number has been gradually declining since 1979. This is similar to the Canadian figure of 21%, but is much lower than that of the former Soviet Union (60%) and Romania (78%) where contraceptives are in short supply. Opposing beliefs: A social consensus exists among pro-lifers and pro-choicers that when human personhood starts the person must be protected. Many religions, organizations and individuals have passionately held but conflicting beliefs about when this happens. This naturally leads to opposing policies on whether a woman should have access to abortion. In spite of what the media might say, this struggle cannot be reduced to a simple pro-choice vs. pro-life conflict. There are people within each side who take many slightly different positions. The objectives of both groups are the same: to reduce the number of abortions, and to make any needed abortions safe. However, they have very different methods of achieving their goals, and they have seperate beliefs about which abortions are justifiable. They are both unable to cooperate. That is, in their opinion, a pity. With the energy, knowledge and ability that each side has, they could make major reductions in the abortion rate if they were able to collaborate. Therefore after thorogh research and natural belief, I believe that no one is allowed to have an abortion in any circumstance, no matter what the case maybe. Religion Essays

Rules to Make Your Book Club Run Smoothly

Rules to Make Your Book Club Run Smoothly When youre starting a book club it helps to set some ground rules to help ensure that all of your attendees feel welcome and want to return. Some of the rules may seem like common sense but making sure everyone is on the same page helps avoid unnecessary conflict.Having established rules can be especially important if you are starting a book club thats open to the general public. If you dislike obscene language, for example, a book club made of just your friends would probably already know to avoid swearing, but if you opened the club to strangers they might assume cursing was fine. Having a rule in place would let everyone know the type of discourse to use. When deciding on rules for your club youll want to think about the kind of conversations youd like to have. Are you focused on deep critical analysis or is it just for fun? Its also a good idea to think about the space youll be holding your book club in. If youre meeting an public area like a library community room it might have its rules about things like bringing food or putting chairs away after the meeting. Its best to be aware of these when making your groups rules. Youll probably come up with a few rules of your own but heres a list of some common book club rules to help you get started. If any of these rules dont appeal to you or you feel are unnecessary for your group simply ignore them and remember the most important thing of all is just to have fun! The purpose of this book club is to read and enjoy literature! So, if you love books, and youre ready to discuss them... youre in the right place.You may find that you disagree with something that another member of the group has said.It is okay to disagree as long as its done respectfully.Inappropriate behavior and/or language will not be tolerated.Please respect the authority of the moderator.Keep on topic, but feel free to introduce information that is relevant to the discussion (historical facts, bio details, book background, related authors or topics).No Spoilers!  All meetings will start on time.When you speak, please state your name.Some book clubs include food or beverages. Dont forget to bring your assigned (or volunteered) food or drink. More Info. General Book Club Questions for Study and DiscussionWhich character do you most like?How To Determine a Reading ScheduleWhat is a classic?Quotes

Final Project-The Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final Project-The Story - Essay Example Such policies should also define stakeholders who will be held accountable on the progress, success or failure of the initiative. Inevitably, policy makers, physicians, nurses, nursing bodies, educators, patients, insurance firms and state authorities must collaborate to bring diabetes under control. The most effective control measure would be the prevention of the occurrence of new cases, while at the same time controlling and managing the condition among those already living with it (Davies, Dixon & Currie, 2001). The role of educators, therefore, becomes a key emphasis of the policy making procedure. This becomes a key issue because a 20 year old patient representing a diagnosis was interviewed for the project and confirmed not having been sufficiently informed on the necessity of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. This, in turn, means that the role of diabetes educators is not sufficiently felt in society, creating a knowledge gap. This issue is link ed to nursing because nurses have the abstract information on patient care and can contribute significantly towards formulating policies that will effectively curb the growing numbers of diabetic cases. Being the ones closest to patients in terms of provision of care, they are in a better position to know what advice needs to be given in the prevention and control the problem. Therefore, their role is significant in promoting the initiative through providing evidence-based and up-to-date facts about education and care in diabetes (Davies, Dixon & Currie, 2001). This essay will discuss the problem, the policy and political procedures and provide a concluding solution. Policy Analysis The subject of diabetes has faced numerous policy challenges. The American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) pointed out that at some time, when citizens were diagnosed with diabetes, access to life insurance available in their states became unaffordable and even sometimes unavailable (Oliver & Mo ssialos, 2012). The reason was that federal law permitted life insurance firms to operate on policies that rated or charged a premium basing on the health status of applicants. Essentially, such plans allowed the insurance companies to deny an applicant the sought cover depending on their health status. Even so, patients requiring access to diabetes educators require a physician’s referral in order to receive the services (Peeples & Austin, 2007). This poses another policy challenge in the management of diabetes. Some physicians may not be giving the referrals as a measure to safeguard their revenue sources, and even if they did, the number of available educators is not sufficient to handle them. On the other hand, without a physician’s referral, the services of an educator are not among the covered benefits of insurance. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), diabetes at any stage needs round-the-clock management to alleviate long term complications ass ociated with hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Within the learning environment, levels of blood sugar not within the target range will interfere with the learning ability of a student. Non-diabetic students must be taught healthy lifestyles to avoid it, while the diabetic ones should have the ability to check and respond to blood glucose levels accordingly. Although some may handle the routine independently, others, due to developmental level or

A Personal Assessment Using Self-Assessment Inventories Essay

A Personal Assessment Using Self-Assessment Inventories - Essay Example It is better to accept those differences and use them towards my advantage (i.e. in coming up with better solution to problems) instead of imposing a rigid code of conduct. People with low tolerance to ambiguity also tend to make use of stereotypy, which I think is a negative way of analyzing people, ideas, or actions. My scores in the subscales reveal that the major source of intolerance for me is complexity, which is by far greater than my scores for novelty and insolubility. I do not fully agree with this result because I feel that I am comfortable with complexity. I feel the results for this subscale cannot be applied to all situations in my life as a formula, but I am not discounting the possibility that this may only mean that I am just less tolerant to ambiguity when the situation seems to be composed of elaborate and intricately interconnected parts. The Locus of Control test shows whether I believe the outcomes of my actions depend on what I do or on factors beyond my control. Since I got a low score (and indeed, it is even lower than the comparison data), this indicates that I have an internal rather than external control. I agree with this explanation and the test has been instrumental in making me realize that my attitude towards the forces responsible for the outcomes of my actions has been responsible for many of successes (as well as failures) in my life. I believe that blaming people other than yourself for your miseries is not only self-defeating, it hinders you to succeed and take control of your life. While I think luck does play some part on some people's success, I am not the type to sit around and wait for Lady Luck to call. I believe that the best way to succeed is to work for it-that way too, I can have control over the direction of my life. I believe that this attitude will lead me to become happier and more ful filled. Cognitive Styles The Cognitive Styles test has affirmed that I am an intuitive rather than a sensing person. My Intuition scores far outweigh that of my Sensation's, 7 to 1. This explains why I seem to prefer subjects that require complex and comprehensive understanding rather than those that appeal to the senses. I prefer to take in information through imagination rather than by details and facts. When perceiving my environment and gathering information, I prefer to explore different possibilities, rather than settle on a concrete set of rules. I now realize that this is the reason why I tend to do better in essay-type examinations rather than multiple choice/fill-in-the-blank type ones. I am also adept in finding symbolic representations in my surroundings-sometimes when I am walking my dog in the park, I will suddenly be struck with a sense of nostalgia-a single falling leaf can conjure poetic imagery in my mind. As to whether I am a thinking or feeling person, my test scores tied in both areas. Since I am male (and am therefore traditionally predisposed to being a thinker rather than a feeler), results suggest that I am more of a "feeler". I concur with this conclusion mainly because I feel that I am more in touch with my emotions than the average man. While it can

How It Affects Economic Growth Essay Example for Free

How It Affects Economic Growth Essay In my opinion, supporting and promoting IT investment is one of the best ways to promote economic growth and stability with minimal side effects such as inflation, and easily overcome hurdles like unequal income distribution. While I don’t think you can really influence people’s personal ownership of computers, I do believe that offering tax incentives for IT investment and development will increase overall GDP, lower unemployment, and ensure an economically stable future. First and foremost, investment towards information technology increases productivity, and makes workers more efficient in what they do. With more resources such as faster word processing, 3D Model Rendering, and instantaneous transfer of data over the internet, laborers in every facet of the economy benefit from technology and enjoy greater productivity as a result. This increase in productivity means more products and services are produced with less time invested, and this means that Gross Domestic Product can go up. Furthermore, GDP is often defined as a function of both Capital and Labor. It is widely acknowledged that GDP growth can be measured by K/L, or Capital divided by Labor. Clearly, then, if each worker is using a higher value of capital (here in the form of fancier computers etc), then GDP is sure to go up. The concern then becomes, â€Å"what about inflation?† Surely, if GDP goes up, inflation will follow, no? Not quite. The accompanying graph gives us a rough idea of why. This increased efficiency will shift the Philips curve inward, meaning that for every unemployment rate, there is less inflation. More IT investment will mean that we will require more service technicians, troubleshooters, software programmers, etc, and we will see unemployment go down. Also, with more children learning about IT, they will also be more likely to get jobs when they grow up. When unemployment goes down, though, we typically see that there are less available â€Å"desperate† workers, and thus workers will have more power to bargain collectively. They will get wage increases, which will be passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices on final goods and services. This is offset by increased efficiency, as it takes less worker hours to make those products and services. As the Philips curve below shows us, the decrease in unemployment WOULD cause higher inflation, but because of increased efficiency, this change in inflation is offset. It is important to note the short run and long run effects of tax incentives on both the macro and micro levels. Here is a graph to get us started: We know that in the short run Demand shifts out as IT becomes more and more necessary. Supply shifts out because manufacturing costs go down, and thus existing firms will produce more at every price. These reductions to cost shift MC and ATC down; we don’t’ know how much each of these shifts is, though. We don’t know what P2 is, but we know that costs go down, so there is abnormal short term profit, and we know that each firm is going to produce more. In the long run, more firms will enter (shifting supply out further) until each player in the market is operating at their lowest cost on the ATC curve, which is the point where long run profits are equal to 0. We know that long run market quantity is greater because there are more firms in the industry, and we know that each firm produces in the long run what it did before all the shifts. Each firm is producing more in the short run than in the long run. Assuming that the government offers tax incentives to BOTH SUPPLIERS AND BUYERS of IT, we can expect to see the same demand shifts and supply shifts as we did in the 90s, when demand shifted out and the cost to produce came down. The tax rebates to suppliers means a reduction of cost (same as in the last example) and the tax rebates to buyers will make the price they have to pay lower, which will increase demand. One of the few drawbacks to the subsequent increased IT spending, of course, is the negative effect on the environment, as computers become obsolete quickly and are usually just thrown out. In my opinion, the environmental effect is definitely a huge drawback to increased IT investment. I believe that the government should give further incentives to companies who donate old or â€Å"B-stock† products to schools (preferably those in bad areas) or charities when they buy new ones . Donating these slightly flawed or last-year-model computers to schools would be an investment in human capital, which would increase GDP in future generations, as children become more tech savvy and productive with computers. Since the government is reducing the cost of production with tax incentives, I think they could get away by contrasting these incentives with slightly stricter environmental regulations as far as waste goes. They should set requirements on the packaging (which is created solely to be thrown out) that comes with IT goods, and should give even more incentives to companies that collect and recycle re-usable components such as circuit boards, plastic cases, and semiconductors – all components that are not biodegradable and are a large part of the junk filling our nation’s landfills. Another set of short and long term effects you must consider is the effect of tax incentives on those already involved in the market: IT workers. Again, we have a graph to help us visualize these effects. For this discussion, because of inflation, we must assume that we are talking in terms of real dollars, and that these wage prices are adjusted for inflation. In the 1980’s (short run), as IT became more important to industry, we see the demand curve for IT work shift outward, causing an increase in price and quantity as more qualified people started doing IT. In the long run, more competitors enter and the number of CS majors doubles; supply shifts outward, but we’re not sure by how much. We know that real wages go back down, but we don’t know if they are above, at, or below the original prices. We just know that they are decreasing, and that the overall quantity is much higher. The last major concern would be the â€Å"Digital Divide† – the concept that low income families do not use computers and thus are isolated from their potential benefits. This â€Å"digital divide† essentially means that poorer families have less access to the computer and tech skills to compete in the modern job industry, such as word processing and online research. They also have less access to online educational resources, and thus have less human capital. This means they are less likely to rise out of poverty, and are at a disadvantage. Those fortunate enough to be able to afford computers internet access will get more educated and richer, and those who are not fortunate enough get poorer. I personally am against racial discrimination in all forms, and I think targeting out minorities and saying â€Å"here, you need a computer† is wrong. I do, believe, however, that there should be some sort of program to give less fortunate children of all ethnicities the IT skills and access to computers that they will need to function in the modern labor market. This is where my idea of offering tax incentives to companies that donate â€Å"last year model† computers to charities or schools in bad neighborhoods could really benefit these people and help them accumulate human capital. I think that offering tax incentives to people who put computers in their home will be too difficult to manage, and I also think that in many cases, people without the means to get a good job (no technical background) will not be able to afford a computer either way – thus, it’s a vicious cycle. Additionally, I think people who can’t afford $40/mo for DSL are in this predicament because they don’t have technical skills, and thus, probably don’t value technology as much as they should. They probably still won’t be interested in broadband. I think the president’s broadband initiative should focus more on getting faster internet and more technical training into schools, so that the next generation, who still has the desire and patience to learn about computers, can do so at an early age. Overall, you can see that there is a long list of benefits, and a short list of easily overcome problems with increased investment. In fact, even the Fed benefits. Normally, increased investment would make the Fed have to increase interest rates to prevent inflation and â€Å"cool off† the economy. IT is unique, however, in that it also provides greater efficiency, thus shifting the curve as discussed earlier. I would argue that it makes the Fed’s job easier – it’s promotes economic growth and employment, without jeopardizing economic stability. All in all, I say that giving tax incentives to producers and suppliers of IT goods and services is a great plan!